In the late Renaissance, master painters faced pressure from patrons who demanded delivery dates for large commissions. Without a reliable way to estimate how long a complex oil painting would 'gestate' from sketch to varnish, workshops often missed deadlines, damaging reputations. Observing this friction, early art theorists began recording material drying times, layer thickness, and labor hours, laying the groundwork for a more quantitative approach to artistic production.
By the early 19th century, academies such as the École des Beaux‑Arts introduced a formal gestation‑period formula that multiplied average drying time by the number of glaze layers and added a labor coefficient. Artists could now present a calculated timeline to patrons, aligning expectations with reality. The choice to embed this calculation into contracts standardized project management across Europe, but it also sparked debate about whether art could ever be reduced to numbers.